Peace be upon you, and welcome. Today we will talk about Sudan. As you know, Sudan is an Arab country in Africa.
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, lies in northeastern Africa. It borders Ethiopia and Eritrea to the east, Egypt and Libya to the north, Chad and the Central African Republic to the west, and South Sudan to the south.
The Nile divides Sudan into eastern and western parts. The capital, Khartoum, stands at the meeting of the Blue Nile and White Nile, the river’s two principal tributaries. Sudan occupies a central position in the Nile basin. [4]
People have lived in Sudan since 5000 BCE. [5][6][7] Its ancient history was closely intertwined with pharaonic Egypt over long periods, particularly under the Sudanese Twenty-Fifth Dynasty, the “Black Pharaohs,” which ruled Egypt from Sudan. Its best-known kings included Taharqa and Piye.
Sudan gained independence from Britain and Egypt on January 1, 1956. Civil war began shortly before independence and continued until 2005, interrupted by periods of peace, arising from deep conflicts between the central government in the north and rebel movements in the south. It ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between Sudan’s government and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement. South Sudan became independent in 2011 after a referendum following the agreement’s transitional period.
Military coups recurred in Sudan’s modern history. In 1989, Brigadier Omar Al-Bashir led a coup overthrowing the civilian government of Umma Party leader Sadiq Al-Mahdi. He became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation and later president, a position he still held when this original article was written.